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Ephedrine alkaloids are amphetamine-like compounds used in OTC and prescription drugs with potentially lethal stimulant effects on the central nervous system and heart. The FDA has received more than
800 reports of adverse effects associated with use of products containing ephedrine alkaloid since 1994. These serious adverse effects, include hypertension (elevated blood pressure), palpitations (ra
pid heart rate), neurophathy (nerve damage), myopathy (muscle injury), psychosis, stroke, memory loss, heart rate irregularities, insomnia, nervousness, tremors, seizures, heart attacks, and death. Th
e agency has proposed to prohibit the marketing of dietary supplements containing 8 milligrams or more of ephedrine alkaloids per serving.
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These terms are used to refer to the same substance derived from the plant Ephedra. (There are many common names for these evergreen plants, including squaw tea and Mormon tea.) Ephedra is a shrub-lik
e plant that is found in desert regions in central Asia and other parts of the world. The dried greens of the plant are used medicinally. Ephedra is a stimulant containing the herbal form of ephedrine
, an FDA-regulated drug found in over-the-counter asthma medications.
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Ephedrine is an adrenergic drug that works by stimulating alpha
-and beta receptors thus causing the release of norepinephrine.
-Alpha and beta receptors exist in the sympathetic nervous system,
-(fight or flight) and stimulation causes increased heart rate,
-bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction.
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Ephedrine act as stimulants that can cause rapid or irregular heartbeats (heart arrhythmias) Ephedrines act in a similar way as that of adrenaline. It dilates the bronchial muscles, contacts the nasal
mucosa, raises the blood pressure and is a cardiac stimulant. Further these compounds often cause psychological side effects such as depression, nervousness, insomnia, and rapid heart rate. When take
n in combination with caffeine, ephedrine can over-stimulate the central nervous system, leading to potentially life-threatening results.
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Ephedrine is the oral form of Epinephrine, or adrenaline. It was
-once a commonly prescribed drug for asthma, but newer drugs in the
-xanthine class have less side effects.
-Ephedrine is rela
ted to pseudoephedrine which was designed as a
-decongestant with less undesirable effects.
-Ephedra is a Chinese herb that's been used for centuries to treat
-asthma
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Recently, the FDA has called for strict limits on the recommended dose and proposed new labeling of products containing ephedrine. The FDA¡¦s proposal would prohibit the marketing of dietary supplement
s containing 8 milligrams or more of ephedrine alkaloids per serving, with warnings against using more than 24 mg per day and using the product for more than SEVEN DAYS. Any such product with claims e
ncouraging short-term excessive intake would be required to list the following statement on its label: ¡§Taking more than the recommended serving may result in heart attack, stroke, seizure or death.¡¨
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